What segmentation rules you used? the denser the segmentation, the higher the block number, and the cpu usage is higher. On other hand, the higher the resolution, the curves are smoother. My suggestions will be,
-use multiple segmentation techniques (checker board+quad tree+multires...) for better object size with optimum cpu. For really big image i'll take hundreds of dices.
-edit objects if necessary
-output vector then edit
I guess smooth edge like vectors cannot be achieved in raster. If you somehow get to do that, you'll loose lots of pixel from the edge. Using subpixel operation in this case may be clever, but will still be a challenge for the cpu.